Aharonov-Bohm effect in the system of two tunnel junctions

The Aharonov-Bohm effect on the conductivity of the normal-metal mesoscopic system comprising two tunnel junctions is due to simultaneous tunneling of the electron at both junctions. The amplitude of the effect is random depending on the position of scatterers in the sample. Despite this fact, it can become comparable with the total conductivity at sufficiently low temperatures. The layout investigated provides a unique possibility for observation of the electrostatic Aharonov-Bohm effect as well; this allows one to measure the traversal time of the carriers at the structure.