Observation of photorefractivity in a fullerene-doped polymer composite

A photorefractive effect was observed in a fullerene (${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$) -doped organic composite containing polyvinylcarbazole and a second-order molecule, diethyl-amino-nitrostyrene (DEANST). Electro-optic modulation and degenerate four-wave mixing experiments were conducted. The material shows relatively high electro-optic coefficient, photocharge generation quantum efficiency, and photorefractive diffraction efficiency.