Nambu-Goldstone mode in a rotating dilute Bose-Einstein condensate

Masahito Ueda and Tatsuya Nakajima
Phys. Rev. A 73, 043603 – Published 7 April 2006

Abstract

The Nambu-Goldstone mode (NGM), associated with vortex nucleation in a harmonically confined, two-dimensional dilute Bose-Einstein condensate is studied. We argue, based on exact diagonalization calculations, that the NGM manifests in the lowest-lying envelope of the quasidegenerate spectrum that emerges as the vortex is about to enter the condensate. The quasidegenerate states constitute a series of octupole-mode branches that originate primarily from pairwise repulsive interactions between octupole excitations and are distinguished by the number of admixed quadrupolar excitations. As the vortex approaches the center of the condensate and the system’s axisymmetry is restored, the NGM becomes massive due to its coupling to higher rotational bands. We clarify the mechanism of this mass acquisition by using a newly developed projection-operator method.

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  • Received 14 November 2003

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.73.043603

©2006 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

Masahito Ueda1 and Tatsuya Nakajima2

  • 1Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan and ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
  • 2Physics Department, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan

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Issue

Vol. 73, Iss. 4 — April 2006

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