Abstract
We investigate the structure and collective modes of a planar surface of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensed gas at zero temperature. In the long-wavelength limit we find a mode similar to the gravity wave on the surface of a fluid with the frequency and the wave number q related by Here F is the force due to the confining potential at the surface and m is the particle mass. At shorter wavelengths we use a variational approach and find corrections to of order We demonstrate the usefulness of the concept of an effective surface tension for describing both static and dynamic properties of condensed atomic clouds.
- Received 9 February 1999
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.60.1507
©1999 American Physical Society