Intermediate-velocity atomic collisions. II. K-shell ionization and excitation in 8.6-MeV/amu Ca ions

Projectile K-shell ionization and excitation cross sections were measured for 8.6-MeV/amu ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{19+}$,18+ beams incident on various gas targets. The ionization and excitation cross sections are compared with the Glauber approximation and with the plane-wave Born approximation. Various factors that may affect the ionization and the excitation cross sections in this intermediate-velocity regime, such as screening by the target electrons, polarization, and binding, are examined in order to establish their relative importance.