Cyclotron Resonance in Uniaxially Stressed Silicon. II. Nature of the Covalent Bond

J. C. Hensel, H. Hasegawa, and M. Nakayama
Phys. Rev. 138, A225 – Published 5 April 1965
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Abstract

An energy band of a diamond lattice at X(k=(2πa)(1, 0, 0)) on the zone boundary is two-fold degenerate because of the presence of glide-reflection symmetries. The degeneracy of the conduction band Δ1 and Δ2 at X in silicon was lifted by applying a compressive uniaxial stress along the [011] direction, the effect of which has been observed by measuring a shift of the cyclotron resonance line for the [100] electrons. An expression for the line shift has been obtained in terms of a perturbation series. By evaluating the series using the orthogonal-plane-wave (OPW) results of Kleinman and Phillips, the Δ1Δ2 band mixing ratio ΞuΔE is determined to be ΞuΔE=11.4±1.1. This result when combined with OPW estimate for ΔE, the energy separation between Δ1 and Δ2 at the conduction band edge, yields the value Ξu5.7 eV for the deformation potential responsible for the band splitting at X. The lifting of the special degeneracy of the X1 states is interpreted from the viewpoint of the tetrahedral covalent bond responding to an applied mechanical force. The sign of the cyclotron-resonance line shift indicates that two nonbonding orbitals of a valence electron connecting two neighboring Si atoms are hybridized to make the energy of the bonding orbital lower than that of the antibonding orbital when the bond is compressed. Also from the experimental work, the following values of the electron effective masses have been determined: mm=0.1905±0.0001, mIIm=0.9163±0.0004.

  • Received 8 October 1964

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.138.A225

©1965 American Physical Society

Authors & Affiliations

J. C. Hensel

  • Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey

H. Hasegawa and M. Nakayama*

  • Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

  • *Present address: College of General Education, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

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Issue

Vol. 138, Iss. 1A — April 1965

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